NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
ENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATION (EAI)
BASIS CONCEPT & OVERVIEW:
Enterprise
application
integration
(EAI)
is
the
task
of
uniting
the databases and workflows associated with business applications to ensure that the business
uses the information consistently and that changes to core business data made by one application
are correctly reflected in others. Organizations can be at different levels of EAI, from
applications existing separately to full integration where all applications share common data and
workflows. More realistically, most will fall somewhere in between, with some applications
working together and other not. Businesses are always changing, so any EAI implementation
must also be able to change. EAI does not require that someone reprograms the applications
themselves.
BENEFITS & IMPORTANCE:
Most businesses use several software products from different vendors in their day-to-day
operations. These applications can have different uses, data stores and methods of operation.
This can create data silos where data is either duplicated between databases or is available in one
but not another. That leads to data inconsistency when users need to manually copy and paste
data between applications. Users may also need to consult several applications for their daily
work. EAI provides a methodology that helps these disparate applications share data and
workflows to reduce manual steps and errors and to provide better insight into organizational
data. This becomes more important as an organization grows and as technology advances. EAI
can help to remove manual steps and reduce user error.
ONLINE TRANSACTION PROCESSING (OLTP)
Page |1
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
BASIC CONCEPT & OVERVIEW:
OLTP, or online transactional processing, enables the real-time execution of large numbers of
database transactions by large numbers of people, typically over the internet. A database
transaction is a change, insertion, deletion, or query of data in a database. OLTP systems (and the
database transactions they enable) drive many of the financial transactions we make every day,
including online banking and ATM transactions, e-commerce and in-store purchases, and hotel
and airline bookings, to name a very few. In each of these cases, the database transaction also
remains as a record of the corresponding financial transaction. OLTP can also drive nonfinancial database exchanges, including password changes and text messages.
APPLICATIONS:
Online transaction processing (OLTP) applications are high throughput and insert/updateintensive. These applications are characterized by growing volumes of data that several hundred
users access concurrently. Typical OLTP applications are:
 Airline reservation systems.
 Large order-entry applications.
 Banking applications.
 ATM Center.
Page |2
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM (TPS)
BASIC CONCEPT & OVERVIEW:
A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for business transactions
involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data. Characteristics of a
TPS include performance, reliability and consistency .TPS is also known as transaction
processing or real-time processing. A transaction process system and transaction processing are
often contrasted with a batch process system and batch processing, where many requests are all
executed at one time.
APPLICATIONS:
A transaction processing system tends to be more rigid and has the following applications:
 Electronic Transfer of Funds.
 Airline Reservation System.
 Bank Account Processing System.
Page |3
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)
BASIC CONCEPT & OVERVIEW:
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a technology for managing all your company's
relationships and interactions with customers and potential customers. The goal is simple:
Improve business relationships. A CRM system helps companies stay connected to customers,
streamline processes, and improve profitability. CRM refers to the principles, practices, and
guidelines that an organization follows when interacting with its customers. From the
organization's point of view, this entire relationship encompasses direct interactions with
customers, such as sales and service-related processes, forecasting, and the analysis of customer
trends and behaviors. Ultimately, CRM serves to enhance the customer's overall experience.
ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS:
CRM benefits a company in a variety of ways. While the benefits vary by department or
industry, six benefits of CRM platforms that affect every user include:
 Trustworthy reporting.
 Dashboards that visually showcase data.
 Improved messaging with automation.
 Proactive service.
 Efficiency enhanced by automation.
 Simplified collaboration.
 Improved Customer Experience.
Page |4
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
DISADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS:
CRM solution is a great way of making the most of the business assets. However, it has some
limitations and disadvantages are:
 CRM Costs.
 Business Culture.
 Poor Communication.
 Lack of Leadership.
 Customization.
 IT Resources needed.
 Hardware and Software required.
APPLICATIONS:
CRM has many applications, which provides us efficiency and different benefits. Some of
applications are:
 Business Management.
 Customer Tracking.
 Targeted Marketing.
 Integrations.
 Customer Feedback.
 Data Analysis.
 Predictive Analysis.
 Sales Tracking.
 Task Management.
 Mobility.
Page |5
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
SALIENT FEATURES:
Customer Relationship Management is a strategy which is customized by an organization to
manage and administrate its customers and vendors in an efficient manner for achieving
excellence in business. It is primarily entangled with following features:
 Customers’ Needs.
 Customers’ Responses.
 Customers’ Satisfaction.
 Customers’ Loyalty.
 Customers’ Retention.
 Customers’ Complaints.
 Customer Services
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)
BASIS CONCEPT & OVERVIEW:
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) refers to a type of software that organizations use to manage
day-to-day business activities such as accounting, procurement, project management, risk
management and compliance, and supply chain operations. A complete ERP suite also
includes enterprise performance management, software that helps plan, budget, predict, and
report on an organization’s financial results. ERP systems tie together a multitude of business
processes and enable the flow of data between them. By collecting an organization’s shared
transactional data from multiple sources, ERP systems eliminate data duplication and provide
data integrity with a single source of truth.
ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS:
Some of the advantages and benefits are presented by ERP are:
Page |6
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
 Optimization of business processes.
 Accurate and timely access to reliable information.
 The ability to share information between all components of the organization.
 Elimination of unnecessary operations and data.
 Reduction of time and costs of litigation
 To improve performance and save time, optimize the control and analysis of management
decisions there in the long term, reduced costs for the company.
 When a company has an ERP system is more competitive in the environment in which it
operates.
DISADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS:
Some of the disadvantages and limitations are presented by ERP are:
 The installation of the ERP system is costly. ERP consultants are very expensive take
approximately 60% of the budget.
 The success depends on the skills and experience of the workforce, including education
and how to make the system work properly.
 Resistance in sharing internal information between departments can reduce the efficiency
of the software.
 The systems can be difficult to use.
 Change of staff, companies can employ administrators who are not trained to manage the
ERP system of the employing company, proposing changes in business practices that are
not synchronized with the system.
APPLICATIONS:
ERP systems have including the certain applications to perform the different tasks and functions.
Some of the applications are:
 Product Planning.
Page |7
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
 Material Purchasing.
 Inventory Management.
 Distribution.
 Accounting.
 Marketing.
 Finance.
 Human Resources.
SALIENT FEATURES:
The salient features of ERP system have played the great role in the development of any
business. These features are:
 Comprehensive.
 Interactive.
 Automated with Simplicity.
 User Friendly Interface.
 Cost Effective.
 Easy and Smooth Transition.
 Data Analysis and Reporting.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM)
BASIS CONCEPT & OVERVIEW:
Supply chain management (SCM) is the optimization of a product's creation and flow from raw
material sourcing to production, logistics and delivery to the final customer. SCM
encompasses the integrated planning and execution of processes required to manage the
movement of materials, information and financial capital in activities that broadly
include demand
planning,
sourcing,
production, inventory
management and
storage,
Page |8
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
transportation -- or logistics -- and returning excess or defective products. Supply chain
management relies on business strategy, specialized software and collaboration to work.
ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS:
Supply chain management creates a number of benefits that translate to higher profits, better
brand image and greater competitive advantage. These include the following:
 Better ability to predict and meet customer demand.
 Better supply chain visibility, risk management and predictive capabilities.
 Fewer process inefficiencies and less product waste.
 Improvements in quality.
 Increased sustainability.
 Lower overhead.
 Improvements in cash flow.
 More efficient logistics.
DISADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS:
These are the five main disadvantages of supply chain management are:
 Sometimes Supply Chain Management can be very expensive to implement.
 Competitors can easily copy the strategy of Supply Chain Management.
 For better Supply Chain Management, proper skills and experience is required to achieve
success.
 Sometimes in Supply Chain Management various functions may be difficult to manage.
 In Supply Chain Management there may be staff resistance.
Page |9
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
APPLICATIONS:
Supply Management System containing these applications for business efficiencies are:
 Advanced Planning and Optimization.
 Extended Warehouse.
 Transportation Management.
 Supply Network Collaboration.
 Forecasting and Replenishment.
SALIENT FEATURES:
Any business success has depends on the features of adopted modules. Some of the salient
features of supply chain management are:
 Management of Inventory.
 Processing Customer Requirements.
 Forecasting of Demand.
 Supplier Relationship Management.
 Managing Logistic and Shipping.
 Return Management.
ORACLE FINANCIALS
BASIS CONCEPT & OVERVIEW:
The Oracle E-Business Suite is a complete set of business applications that enables corporations
to efficiently track detailed business transaction data and turn it into decision making information
P a g e | 10
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
using a system built on unified information architecture. Oracle Financials applications are a
subset of this suite and are a family of products designed to capture and analyze your financial
data on a worldwide basis. Use Oracle Financials applications to better manage business to the
targets that are announced to investors. Management can better report to investors and
colleagues.
ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS:
Oracle Financials applications also help to meet the obligations in key areas surrounding the
numbers, such as:
 Compliance.
 Financial Control.
 Regulatory Reporting.
 Cost Containment.
 Risk Management.
 The Global Business Release.
 Reduce Number of Instances.
 Database Integration.
DISADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS:
Oracle financials have no major disadvantages, but some entities reviewed it and provide some
disadvantages and limitations of financial module of oracle are:
 Oracle financial can be very expensive to implement.
 It is difficult to train the employees, needs a cost.
 Simple error makes disaster situation.
 Lack of documentation.
 Hard to fixed the simple problems.
 Difficult to work in remote areas.
P a g e | 11
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
APPLICATIONS:
The Oracle Financials suite of applications is comprised of the following subfamilies, organized
by standard business flow, to support firm's financial processes:
 Financial Control & Reporting.
 Corporate Performance Management.
 Corporate Governance.
 Credit-to-Cash.
 Procure-to-Pay.
 Asset, Real Estate and Lease Management.
 Cash & Treasury Management.
 Travel & Expense Management.
SALIENT FEATURES:
The features, which are provide by oracle in their financial module helping the business to get
development and success. The key features of oracle financials are:
 Multidimensional Reporting System.
 Extensive Spreadsheet Integration.
 Role-based Dashboards.
 Multiple Reporting Requirements.
 Embedded Transactional Business Intelligence.
 Imaging Integration.
 Info lets and Info tiles.
References
6 Benefits of Oracle Financials Cloud for Controllers. (2019). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from
https://www.itconvergence.com/blog/6-benefits-of-oracle-financials-cloud-for-controllers/
Advantages (and Disadvantages) of CRM Software - Tech.co. (2022). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from
https://tech.co/crm-software/advantages-disadvantages-crm
P a g e | 12
NAME: MUHAMMAD UMER
ID: FA21-BSAF-0026
What are the limitations of ERP?. (2022). Retrieved 18 May 2022, from https://askinglot.com/what-arethe-limitations-of-erp
Wood, L. (2022). ERP Benefits: Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved 18 May 2022, from
https://softwareconnect.com/erp/benefits
Benefits and Challenges of Supply Chain Management (SCM) - QS Study. (2022). Retrieved 18 May 2022,
from https://qsstudy.com/benefits-and-challenges-of-supply-chain-management-scm/
P a g e | 13