Study Guide for Content Mastery Answer Key
Chemistry: Matter and Change
T203
16
Energy
1000 joules/1 kilojoule.
13. To convert kilojoules to joules, divide the number of kilojoules by
lost as heat.
12. When a fuel is burned, some of its chemical potential energy is
11. One calorie equals 4.184 joules.
10. One nutritional Calorie is equal to 100 calories.
potential energy.
9. Chemicals participating in a chemical reaction contain only
8. Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
raise the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree
Celsius.
7. The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to
6. A calorie is the SI unit of heat and energy.
of one gram of pure water by one degree Celsius.
5. A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature
cooler object.
4. Heat is a form of energy that flows from a warmer object to a
of its composition.
3. Chemical potential energy is energy stored in a substance because
created and destroyed.
2. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can be
1. Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat.
Study Guide for Content Mastery
q c m T
q 4.184 J/(g°C) (5 102 g) 2.00°C
q 4.184 103 J 4.18 kJ
Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 16
absorbed by the water? The specific heat of liquid water is 4.184 J/(g°C).
14. If the temperature of a 500.0-g sample of liquid water is raised 2.00°C, how much heat is
Answer the following question. Show all your work.
multiply
true
true
1000 calories
both potential and
kinetic energy
true
true
joule
true
true
true
cannot be
true
In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false,
change the italicized word or phrase to make it true.
In your textbook, read about the nature of energy.
Section 16.1
Class
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Date
Energy and Chemical Change
CHAPTER
Name
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
91
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Class
Heat in Chemical Reactions and Processes
16
Date
studied
Solution of
Ba(OH)2
and
NH4NO3
7. Everything in the universe except the system being
6. The heat content of a system at constant pressure
5. A system plus its surroundings
4. The change in enthalpy in a chemical reaction
or process you wish to study
3. The specific part of the universe that contains the reaction
reactions and phase changes
2. The study of heat changes that accompany chemical
absorbed or released during a chemical or physical
process
1. An insulated device used to measure the amount of heat
Column A
92
Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 16
The universe is the solution plus the surroundings.
10. What is the universe?
The surroundings include everything except the solution.
9. What are the surroundings?
The system is the solution of Ba(OH)2 and NH4NO3.
8. A scientist is studying the solution in the flask. What is the system?
Use the illustration to answer the following questions.
g
e
d
f
a
c
b
g.
f.
surroundings
enthalpy (heat) of
reaction
e. enthalpy
d. universe
c. thermochemistry
b. calorimeter
a. system
Column B
Study Guide for Content Mastery
For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.
In your textbook, read about measuring heat and about chemical energy and the universe.
Section 16.2
CHAPTER
Name
T204
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Study Guide for Content Mastery Answer Key
Class
molar enthalpy of fusion
heat
molar enthalpy of vaporization
cool
absorbs
.
thermochemical equation
released
heat from your body.
to the
.
.
Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 16
is absorbed in the reaction.
H 600 kJ, the positive value for H means that
heat
cool
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Study Guide for Content Mastery
heat
12. In the equation H2O(s) 0 H2O(l)
must be absorbed by the ice.
11. If it takes 100 joules to melt a piece of ice,
ice to melt, and the soda pop will become
10. If you put an ice cube in a glass of soda pop, the heat absorbed by the ice will cause the
absorbs
9. Sweating makes you feel cooler because, as it evaporates, the water on your skin
surroundings.
8. When a gas condenses to a liquid, heat is
7. The conversion of a gas to a liquid involves the molar enthalpy of vaporization .
H 572 kJ is a(n)
molar enthalpy of fusion
6. 2H2(g) O2(g) 0 2H2O(g)
the
solid substance.
.
93
94
11. The standard state of mercury is solid.
Study Guide for Content Mastery
enthalpies of reactions under standard conditions using Hess’s
law.
10. Standard enthalpies of formation provide data for calculating the
9. The standard state of oxygen is gas.
that energy is absorbed during the reaction.
8. A standard enthalpy of formation that has a negative value means
standard state is 0.0 kJ.
7. The standard enthalpy of formation of a free element in its
substance at 0 K and one atmosphere pressure.
6. The standard state of a substance is the normal state of the
Hf°.
5. The symbol used to represent standard enthalpy of formation is
atmosphere.
4. For a pure gas, the standard state is the gas at a pressure of one
3. The standard state of iron is solid.
accompanies the formation of one gram of a compound in its
standard state from its constituent elements in their standard
states.
2. The standard enthalpy of formation is the change in enthalpy that
Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 16
liquid
true
true
positive
true
5. Converting two moles of a liquid to a solid requires an amount of energy that is twice
4. The
298K
true
true
true
one mole
can be added to produce a final equation for a reaction, then the
sum of all the enthalpy changes for the individual reactions is the
enthalpy change for the final reaction.
1. Hess’s law states that if two or more thermochemical equations
In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false,
change the italicized word or phrase to make it true.
true
Class
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Calculating Enthalpy Change
16
Date
In your textbook, read about Hess’s law and standard enthalpy (heat) of formation.
Section 16.4
CHAPTER
Name
is the heat required to melt one mole of a
molar enthalpy of fusion
of a liquid.
3. The molar enthalpy of vaporization is the heat required to vaporize one mole
enthalpy of combustion
2. The enthalpy change for the complete burning of one mole of a substance is the
thermochemical equation
1. A(n)
is a balanced chemical equation that
includes the physical states of all reactants and products and the energy change
that accompanies the reaction.
enthalpy of combustion
thermochemical equation
Use the following terms to complete the statements. Some terms will be used more
than once.
released
STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY
Thermochemical Equations
16
Date
In your textbook, read about writing thermochemical equations and about changes
of state.
Section 16.3
CHAPTER
Name